Fig. 2

Maximum clade credibility (MCC) phylogenetic tree (A) and Skygrid reconstruction (B) inferred for rabies virus (RABV) based on concatenated N and L sequences. Phylogenetic tree illustrating the evolutionary relationships among RABVs sampled from distinct host species (A). Different host orders are color-coded for clarity, as indicated on the right vertical bar. Clusters of RABVs identified in the study are highlighted in light blue. The median age of each node, along with the 95% highest posterior density (HPD) interval, indicates the estimated timing of divergence events. Asterisks denote posterior probability values equal to or greater than 90%. The Skygrid reconstruction shows the population dynamics of RABVs over time. The y-axis represents the effective population size, with black lines indicating the means and the shaded orange area the 95% HPD interval (B)